01 / Comparison
Pinealon vs Epithalon, side by side.
The names sound alike, but the chains differ. Pinealon is the three-residue sequence Glu–Asp–Arg (EDR); Epithalon is the four-residue Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly (AEDG). Both contain the Glu–Asp pair, at positions 1–2 in Pinealon and 2–3 in Epithalon.
| Pinealon | Epithalon | |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence, one-letter | EDR | AEDG |
| Sequence, three-letter | Glu–Asp–Arg | Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly |
| Length | 3 residues | 4 residues |
| Glu–Asp pair | Positions 1–2 | Positions 2–3 |
| Formula, free peptide | C15H26N6O8 | C14H22N4O9 |
| Molecular weight, free peptide | 418.40 g/mol | 390.35 g/mol |
| PubChem CID | 10273502 | 219042 |
- EpithalonThe AEDG chain, also spelled Epitalon.
02 / Molecular architecture
A closer look at the chain.
Two acidic residues precede arginine in this compact chain. Pinealon and Epithalon have different sequences despite their similar-sounding names.
- 3 amino acids
- EDR
- Oxidative-stress cell models
- 1Glu
- 2Asp
- 3Arg
Reference information: [1][2][3]. Actual lot identity must be verified separately.
Reading the EDR building blocks.
EDR names glutamate, aspartate and arginine in order. The first two have acidic side chains, while arginine has a chemically different guanidino-containing side chain. Those features describe the residue structures; they do not fix the charge state or pH of every solution containing the peptide.
Several cell measurements, several questions.
The cited work includes reactive-oxygen-species measurements, cell-death measurements and ERK1/2-related signaling in cellular models. Each endpoint asks something different. A change in one readout should not be silently relabeled as a change in another, and comparisons should preserve the identity of the cell system used.
03 / Read the evidence
Research & analytical context.
The cited study examined oxidative-stress responses in cerebellar cells, neutrophils and PC12 cells. Measurements included reactive oxygen species, cell death and ERK1/2-related signaling.
Read the references: [1][2][3].
The distinction that matters
Results from one cell population may not describe another. The EDR sequence identifies the reference backbone, while the actual chemical form and batch measurements require their own records.
04 / From reference to record
Know the lot, too.
A publication describes its own test material. Your lot’s certificate describes what was tested on that lot. Keep the compound name, batch number and reported methods together when reviewing a result.
Identity & composition
Check sequence or chemical form, terminal modifications, counterion and—where relevant—each blend component.
Analytical results
Read purity, content, sterility and endotoxin results as separate measurements. Only call a test passed when the actual report supports it.
Handling & storage notes
Lyophilized material: Store at −20°C; protect from light and moisture.
Follow the material-specific label and supporting storage documentation. These temperatures do not establish a shelf life.
How to store lyophilized peptides05 / Reference questions
A few details, explained.
How does Pinealon differ from Epithalon?
Pinealon is the three-residue EDR chain and Epithalon the four-residue AEDG chain. Both contain a Glu–Asp pair, but Pinealon ends in arginine, while Epithalon has alanine before the pair and glycine after it.
Can the EDR letters identify a counterion?
No. They identify the peptide backbone. Salt form and other formulation details sit outside the three-letter sequence abbreviation.
06 / Continue reading
Go to the source.
Each source is labeled by its type. External sources are not Pioneer batch certificates.
- Khavinson et al. · Pinealon in cellular oxidative-stress models (2011)Published research · Read source (opens a new tab)
- PubChem · Pinealon identity record, CID 10273502Public record · Read source (opens a new tab)
- PubChem · Epitalon identity record, CID 219042Public record · Read source (opens a new tab)