01 / Molecular architecture
A closer look at the chain.
The reference sequence is D-Arg–dimethylTyr–Lys–Phe–NH₂. Its modified tyrosine and D-arginine are integral to its identity, not decorative additions to a standard four-residue chain.
- 4 residues
- Modified aromatic residue
- Cardiolipin research
- 1D-Arg
- 2Dmt
- 3Lys
- 4Phe
Reference information: [1][2]. Actual lot identity must be verified separately.
Four residues with chemical qualifiers.
D-Arg and dimethyltyrosine carry information beyond the standard Arg and Tyr labels. The D configuration and the tyrosine modification are integral to the SS-31 reference, as is the amidated ending. A generic four-residue schematic should preserve these qualifiers instead of flattening them into ordinary residue names.
A membrane interaction, not a peptide sequence target.
Cardiolipin is a membrane lipid, whereas cytochrome c is a protein considered in the cited mechanistic work. The study’s membrane and electron-transfer measurements concern interactions between different molecular components. They should not be reduced to an unspecified claim about all mitochondrial activity.
Structure and research references: [1]
02 / Read the evidence
Research & analytical context.
Birk and colleagues used model membranes, spectroscopy and isolated mitochondrial systems to examine cardiolipin interactions and cytochrome c electron-transfer behavior. These measurements explore a mechanism under controlled conditions.
The distinction that matters
Cardiolipin interaction is a specific research question. Mechanistic findings from membrane systems do not measure the identity, purity or content of a supplied batch.
03 / From reference to record
Know the lot, too.
A publication describes its own test material. Your lot’s certificate describes what was tested on that lot. Keep the compound name, batch number and reported methods together when reviewing a result.
Identity & composition
Check sequence or chemical form, terminal modifications, counterion and—where relevant—each blend component.
Analytical results
Read purity, content, sterility and endotoxin results as separate measurements. Only call a test passed when the actual report supports it.
Handling & storage notes
Lyophilized material: Store at −20°C; protect from light and moisture.
Follow the material-specific label and supporting storage documentation. These temperatures do not establish a shelf life.
How to store lyophilized peptides04 / Reference questions
A few details, explained.
What is Dmt in the reference chain?
It denotes dimethyltyrosine, a modified aromatic residue. The abbreviation distinguishes it from unmodified tyrosine and belongs in the structural description.
Are SS-31 and MOTS-C the same kind of mitochondrial reference?
They are distinct peptides with different structures and research histories. SS-31’s membrane-interaction context differs from MOTS-C’s mitochondrial-derived sequence and cellular-localization literature.
Read alongside the references: [1]
05 / Continue reading
Go to the source.
Each source is labeled by its type. External sources are not Pioneer batch certificates.